The problem causes audio device switching to be invalid (via in-game settings UI), the sound output is locked to a device that is not the selected one.

Cannot reproduce accurately, it may comes while updating Logitech G Hub, Realtek, Nahimic, etc.

Fix

Open the console in CS:GO, execute command sound_device_list to lists all available audio devices, then execute command sound_device_override {...DEVICE_ID...} to sets the audio device the game will use.

Cannot to set it while a match is in progress, return to the main menu is needs.

] sound_device_list
Found 3 available audio devices
1) Speakers (Logitech G430 Gaming Headset) (8 output channels) [{0.0.0.00000000}.{68e4feb7-2997-4c05-bce0-0f1d1252b5df}] ** DEFAULT DEVICE **
2) Speakers (Realtek(R) Audio) (2 output channels) [{0.0.0.00000000}.{5f1f43fc-39b7-4f71-8ebb-f957d7573c57}]
3) Speakers (USB SPEAKER) (2 output channels) [{0.0.0.00000000}.{299796f3-46fe-48ad-a89b-e0e8ee051920}]

] sound_device_override {0.0.0.00000000}.{68e4feb7-2997-4c05-bce0-0f1d1252b5df}